Celestia launched the payment architecture Voyager, with benchmark tests reaching 21 million TPS

The modular blockchain network Celestia announced the launch of the application-specific blockchain architecture Voyager, aimed at large-scale payment scenarios in agent commerce. The official statement claims that Voyager processed approximately 21 million transactions per second continuously between 100 million accounts during its first complete benchmark test, which lasted for 5 hours.

Celestia stated that Voyager splits payment processing into independently scalable threads, avoiding blocking the execution thread responsible for updating balances. Transactions are first verified for signatures and packaged at the entry layer, then enter a circular buffer inspired by the exchange system Disruptor; execution logic is built-in, and state is stored in a flat table rather than a Merkle tree. Each transaction is published to Celestia's data availability protocol Fibre, for external replay and verification of whether payments were executed correctly.

The benchmark test covered approximately 40 billion random transfers, with an average throughput of 21.2 million TPS and a peak of 21.6 million TPS. Execution ran on a single CPU core, with node memory around 48 GB. This test was conducted on a single node and did not include state root computation, cross-machine replication, or real-time state queries at the same scale. Celestia claims it is advancing Voyager into production and will release more in-depth technical documentation in the coming weeks. Fibre was launched on the mainnet last week, and Voyager is the first execution layer product launched after its acquisition of Sovereign Labs.