Vitalik: Ethereum is breaking the blockchain trilemma with practical code

Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum is close to solving the long-standing problem of the "blockchain trilemma" at the practical operational level. He pointed out that two key upgrades, PeerDAS and ZK-EVM, are making Ethereum a "brand new, more powerful decentralized network."

Vitalik mentioned that PeerDAS has been launched on the mainnet in 2025, while ZK-EVM, although still in the phase of enhancing security, has reached production-level performance and is expected to begin small-scale usage in the network in 2026. He further outlined that in the coming years, Ethereum will gradually achieve a balance between decentralization, security, and high throughput by increasing the gas limit, adjusting the state structure, and introducing more ZK-EVM-based verification methods. He emphasized that this is not just a theoretical concept, but a long-term engineering achievement built on operational code.

Vitalik also reflected that Ethereum has invested nearly 10 years in addressing data availability and scalability issues, and this vision is now gradually coming to fruition.