Shutter

Shutter Network reshapes transaction ordering with threshold encryption: a user's transaction is encrypted under a key from distributed key generation before entering the public mempool, so validators and searchers see ciphertext and cannot front-run on content; once the block producer fixes inclusion and ordering, the Keyper set governed by Shutter DAO each submit decryption shares and the plaintext is restored only at threshold. The same mechanism encrypts governance votes until a poll closes.

It is a protocol-level anti-MEV component: unlike order-flow auctions or private mempools, it hides content before the mempool, addressing sandwiching and censorship at once, and Gnosis Chain runs it as an encrypted mempool while Arbitrum, ShapeShift and Bankless DAOs use it for shielded voting on Snapshot. Encrypted mempools are live only on Gnosis Chain, with a limited set of validators and Keypers, a remaining trust assumption at the RPC, and no slashing on validators.